Nissan GT-R

Nissan GT-R
What is a car? What is GT-R? 4 years have passed since the debut of GT-R, constantly progressing to the next level at top speed. During the process, we would always step back to where it all started, and would ask ourselves this question. The joy of driving cars, unlike trains and airplanes, comes from actually being able to steer the vehicle yourself. No matter how the times may change, the desire for the excitement of driving will never change. I want GT-R to be the car that most fulfills that desire in the world. To create a car that delivers the most emotion and passion; the only reason why we continue to take GT-R to the next level. In Japan, there has long been a culture of Omotenashi (hospitality), represented by the Way of tea. Only in Japan, is Omotenashi taken to a new level, turned into a form of pure art. We see 'NISSAN GT-R' as 'NIPPON GT-R.' The soul of Omotenashi in the Japanese DNA is embedded into GT-R in its ultimate form through our diligence and spirit of encouragement. We have been, and always will. This is us, our quest; taking GT-R to the next level.

History
Between 1969 and 1974, and again between 1989 and 2002, Nissan produced a high performance version of its Skyline range called the Nissan Skyline GT-R. This car proved to be iconic for Nissan and achieved much fame and success on road and track. The Nissan GT-R, although no longer carrying the "Skyline" badge, has heritage in the Nissan Skyline GT-R. Like the Skyline GT-Rs R32 through R34, the Nissan GT-R is all-wheel drive with a twin-turbo 6 cylinder engine; however, the evolutionary, incremental changes between Skyline models R32 through R34 have been done away with. The four-wheel-steering HICAS system has been removed, and the former straight-6 RB26DETT engine has been replaced with a new V6 VR38DETT. Because of the GT-R's heritage, the chassis code for the all-new version has been called CBA-R35, or 'R35' for short (where CBA is the prefix for emission standard), carrying on the naming trend from previous Skyline GT-R generations. The GT-R has also retained its Skyline predecessor's nickname Godzilla.

Concepts
Two concept vehicles were displayed at motor shows prior to the unveiling of the production model. The first concept was shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2001 to preview what a 21st century GT-R would look like. At the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show, Nissan unveiled a redesigned concept, the GT-R Proto, stating that the production GT-R would be 80-90% based on this concept

Design
Nissan chief creative officer, Shirō Nakamura, has likened the new GT-R to the eponymous giant robots of the Gundam series. Nakamura stated: "The GT-R is unique because it is not simply a copy of a European-designed supercar; it had to really reflect Japanese culture."Nakamura noted that the GT-R's square lines and vents were influenced by Gundam robots. Nissan's American designers sculpted the rear three quarters of the vehicle, while their European designers sculpted the roofline. Polyphony Digital, creators of the Gran Turismo series of racing video games, were themselves involved in the development of the GT-R, having been contracted to design the GT-R's multifunction display.

Specifications
The Nissan GT-R is powered by the VR38DETT engine, a 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in) DOHC V6 with plasma transferred wire arc sprayed bores. Two parallel Ishikawajima-Nek-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) turbochargers provide forced induction. Production vehicles produce a manufacturer-claimed engine output of 485 PS (357 kW; 478 hp) at 6400 rpm and 434 lb·ft (588 N·m) at 3200-5200 rpm. The engine also meets California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. A curb weight of 1,730 kg (3,800 lb) or 1,736 kg (3,830 lb) with side curtain airbags is achieved using a jig welded steel chassis with aluminum used for the hood, trunk, and doors. A rear mounted six-speed BorgWarner designed dual clutch semi-automatic transmission built by Aichi Machine Industry is used in conjunction with the ATTESA E-TS system to provide power to all four wheels and along with Nissan's Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC-R) to aid in stability. Three shift modes  can also be selected for various conditions.
    Displacement: V6 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in)
    Horsepower: 485 PS (357 kW; 478 hp) at 6400 rpm
    Torque: 434 lb·ft (588 N·m)
    Redline: 7000 rpm
    Drivetrain: Premium Midship AWD
    Curb weight: estimated 3,820 lb (1,730 kg)
    Top Speed: 193 mph (311 km/h)
    Drag coefficient: 0.27    
    MSRP: US$80,790 to $84,060
 In present :
    Horsepower: 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp) at 6400 rpm
    Torque: 612 N·m (451 ft·lbf) at 3200-6200 rpm, (632 N·m (466 ft·lbf) with high-gear 'boost' on SpecV only)
    Drag coefficient: 0.26 (~10% improvement in downforce)
    Top speed: 315 km/h (196 mph)
    MSRP: US$89,000 (Premium) or $95,000 (Black Edition)

Road Test
Three years. Those were the words Kazutoshi Mizuno kept saying when the original R35 GT-R was introduced in 2008 (as a 2009 model). He told us then that while he was happy with how the car turned out, we would see its real potential in three years. Well, three years have passed, and true to his word, Mizuno-san brought along a new revitalized 2012 GT-R to the States, one with a significant power increase and more refined manners.Under the new GT-R’s hood is the same VR38DETT 3.8-liter twin-turbocharged V-6 as before, but output has been increased from 485 bhp to a whopping 530 bhp, while torque gets raised from 434 lb.-ft. to 448. Mizuno attained these new figures by elevating boost pressure of the turbocharger from 0.75 bar to 0.90 bar, tweaking the engine’s valve-timing system and altering the air/fuel ratio. He also improved breathing by enlarging the inlet pipe diameter and a section of exhaust pipe.These changes are all evident upon flooring the throttle pedal for the first time. The first thing you notice is the sound: a decidedly more sinister growl emanates from within the engine compartment. Then you feel the g forces pressing you into the seat as the car snaps off the line. Part of the credit here goes to the gearbox’s VDC-R mode, which has been modified to provide ideal launches without putting unnecessary stress on the transmission. Depress both the brake pedal and throttle pedal simultaneously, then let off the brakes—the new 2012 GT-R snaps off the line at an ideal 4000 rpm. Once under way, you seem to enter warp speed, as the 3965-lb. car hits 60 mph in 2.85 seconds, a figure we round up to 2.9. The quarter-mile mark comes and goes in a phenomenal 11.1 seconds…this is drag-car country.The extra power isn’t the only thing responsible for the car’s enhanced acceleration; the new GT-R’s aerodynamics are also significantly improved. The coefficient of drag has been improved from 0.27 to 0.26, meaning the GT-R now slices through the air with less resistance. What’s more amazing is this: The car also has 10 percent more downforce. Mizuno-san worked this magic by cleverly routing more air to the sides of the car instead of over the top. Also, airflow has been increased to the radiator and front brakes via a larger grille and vents. The aerodynamic improvements, combined with those to the engine, have resulted in improved fuel economy figures of 16/23 city/highway. (The previous GT-R was rated at 15/21.)Improvements to the new GT-R’s chassis can be felt when simply cruising on the freeway. With the VDC in Comfort mode, the 2012 GT-R exhibits a smoother ride than its predecessor, noticeable especially when driving over harsh road irregularities. Mizuno made subtle changes to the suspension, which now features aluminum-piston shock absorbers and a carbon-composite strut bar in the engine bay. The special Bilstein DampTronic adjustable shocks monitor multiple vehicle information systems to provide appropriate damping forces for a variety of driving situations. Changes were made to the front and rear caster settings for the Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT tires, the only tires available for the new GT-R. The biggest change to the car’s drivability on the track was a considerable improvement in steering feel and precision.The GT-R’s electronically controlled ATTESA E-TS all-wheel-drive system has been left alone for 2012. The rear-biased system varies the torque split from 0/100 to 50/50 depending on speed, lateral acceleration, steering angle, tire slip, road surface and yaw rate. Of note is a special GT-R-specific yaw-rate feedback control, which measures the differences between the target yaw rate (calculated from steering angle) and actual yaw rate (detected by the yaw-rate sensor and g sensor) to adjust torque bias. Around the skidpad, the new GT-R registered an even 1.00g while dancing through the slalom at 75.4 mph.Stopping power is again provided by Brembo monoblock 6-piston front and 4-piston rear brakes. Enlarged front rotors (15.4-in. versus last year’s 15.0s) team with 15.0-in. rears, both two-piece full-floating (and cross-drilled) designs with low-steel high-stiffness brake pads. The calipers utilize racing-style radial mounting to minimize caliper flex during extreme braking. The GT-R stops exceptionally well, coming to a complete halt from 60 mph and 80 mph in 114 ft. and 189 ft., respectively.The careful eye will noticed subtle changes to the 2012 GT-R’s exterior and interior. These include new lights on the front air dam and the aforementioned larger grille. The rear also has small vents in the bumper.In Japan, Nissan is introducing an interesting new program for GT-R customers where owners of 2009, 2010 and 2011 GT-Rs can get their cars upgraded to 2012 specs…sort of like upgrading the operating system of your PC from Vista to Windows 7. It’ll be interesting how many takers there are for this program, and if it will make it to the U.S.; prices vary depending on your car and which upgrades you choose.As for those who want to order a new 2012 GT-R, the car will reach dealer showrooms in February in two trim levels. The base Premium edition will be priced at $89,950, while the Black Edition, with unique seat trim, colors and wheels, will retail at $95,100. Get in line now if you consider value to be a priority for supercar performance…but then again, you can wait another three years to see what Mizuno-san will do next.

Production
The production version of the GT-R debuted at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show, launching in the Japanese market on December 6, 2007. The U.S. official launch was 7 months later on July 7, 2008. Universal Nissan in Los Angeles provided a customer with the delivery of a new GT-R, fresh from the production line at 12:01 a.m., on July 7, 2008. The Canadian launch was also in July 2008. Europe became the third consumer market, where it launched in March 2009. The large disparity in initial marketing between these regional releases is due to Nissan having to build GT-R performance centers where the car is serviced. Also the engine and rear-mounted dual-clutch gearbox are built by hand, thus limiting production to around 1000 cars a month.
Facelifted GT-R ::
The revised GT-R (2011 model year, 2012 model year for the US) features an engine with revised mapping, changes to valve timing, larger inlets and a revised exhaust system which boosts rated power to 530 bhp and 612Nm of torque from 3200 to 6000rpm. Changes also include a new more rigid front strut bar made from carbon composite, larger front brake rotors, new lighter and stiffer wheels, and revised Dunlop tires. Cosmetic changes include a new front bumper with integrated LEDs. The front bumper improves cooling to the radiator and front brakes while reducing drag. A new rear diffuser improves downforce and also includes additional rear cooling ducts. The interior has been revised to improve the quality. The revised GT-R went on sale in Japan from mid November 2010 and February 2011 in North America, Europe and other regions.Nissan’s VP of global product planning Andy Palmer has confirmed that the current GT-R (R35) will be replaced by 2013

Awards
 Top Gear Awards 2007 - Supercar of the Year 2007
 Autocar - 2008 Drivers Car Of The Year.
 Automobile Magazine - 2009 Automobile of the Year
  Evo Magazine - Car of the Year 2008
  Edmunds.com - 2009 Edmunds' Inside Line Editors' Most Wanted Awards: Instant Classic
  Motor Trend - 2009 Motor Trend Car of the Year
  2008 Japan's Most Advanced Technology Award
  Popular Mechanics - Automotive Excellence Awards 2008 (Design)
  Popular Science - Auto Tech Grand Award Winner
  2009 International Car of the Year
  2009 World Performance Car
  2009 Targa Tasmania Modern Champion
  2009 Targa West Challenge Modern Champion
  2009 Targa West Competition Modern Champion
  2010 Redline Time Attack Modified AWD Champion
  2010 Targa West Challenge Modern Champion
  2010 Targa West Competition Modern Champion
  2011 Targa Tasmania Modern Champion
  2011 Targa West Competition Modern Champion
  2011 Motor Magazine Performance Car Cup Winner

Aftermarket tuning
Despite early concerns about the difficulty of modifying the Nissan GT-R, many aftermarket tuning parts are now available. The previously reported "untuneable" ECU has since been hacked by several tuning houses.COBB Tuning was the first company to access the GT-R's encrypted ECU. With their AccessPORT anyone can reprogram both the engine and transmission control units with off the shelf or custom maps. Mine's also has limited control of the ECU, and others (MCR, HKS, and Top Secret) have bypassed the unit. They have been seen testing modified GT-Rs with the former two having conducted tests at the Tsukuba Circuit. Japan based tuner Mine's has created the VR38DETT super response engine which uses lightened engine internals like titanium rods, lightened pistons and many other components that allows the engine to rev-up fast. The Mine's R35 GT-R has always been one of the most sought after GT-Rs in the world for its highly responsive driving feel with the right amount of power at 800ps.Japan tuners like Mine's, HKS, Jun, Greddy, MCR, Top Secret, and more focus mainly on overall balanced performance for the GT-R that can perform at the circuit, mountain touge, short courses, and streets whereas US based tuners mainly focus only on high horsepower applications and straightline speeds.In a review by Motor Trend editor Scott Kanemura, it was revealed that the GPS system fitted to the GT-R would remove the 180-kilometer per hour (112 mph) speed limiter when the car arrives at a race track, but only on tracks approved by Nissan. Aftermarket ECUs have been developed to bypass the speed limiter, in addition to stand-alone speed-limiter defeaters. The GPS check will not be implemented in American models. In August 2008, Nissan's official motorsport and tuning arm Nismo announced the "Club Sport" tuning package for the GT-R . The package, which is also fitted to the SpecV, includes Bilstein Damptronic compatible dampers, 20" forged aluminum wheels from Rays Engineering, Bridgestone run-flat tires, Recaro carbon fiber-shelled bucket seats, a titanium exhaust, and a revised rear diffuser with an added cooling duct. The package is supported by a warranty and saves over 20 kg. United States based tuner AMS Performance has pushed the R35's power levels and performance numbers. Their Alpha 12 performance package for the R35 boosts output to over 1500 horsepower and boasts 60-130 mph times of just 3.3 seconds. An AMS tuned R35 GT-R was the first in the world to post an 8 second quarter mile time at 169 mph. The Alpha 12 GT-R is also capable of doing a 0-60 MPH (0-100 KMPH) time of 2.1 seconds.

Koenigsegg CCX

Koenigsegg CCX specs
Top Speed: 245 mph / 394 km/h
0-60 mph: 3.5 seconds
0-100 mph: 7.7 seconds
0 - 1/4 Mile: 11 sec.
Engine: V8 806 bhp @ 6,900 rpm
Acceleration: 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.2 seconds, 0–200 km/h (124 mph) in 9.8 seconds[1]
Top speed: over 395 km/h (245 mph)
Braking distance: 100–0 km/h (62–0 mph) in 32 m
 

The Koenigsegg CCX supercar is one of Europe's premiere racing cars, but it is only available for consumption by those who have the ability to shell out the money needed for such an expensive, yet luxurious purchase. The Competition Coupe X is one of Koenigsegg's latest exotic car creations, all of which are known to be some of the best speed cars in the world. Koenigsegg sports cars are not available for mass consumption, mainly due to the large price of such automobiles. Base price is $540,000 + taxes, while fully equipped supercar costs $600,900 + taxes. The Koenigsegg CCX is a great purchase for those who can afford it, due to the fact that it is the tenth anniversary issue of the 1996 CX supercar model, which is one of Koenigsegg's best creations.The supercharged V8 806 bhp @ 6,900 rpm (redline at 7,600 rpm) engines inside 1,180 kg (2,691 lbs) Koenigsegg CCX exotic cars are specially created for the people who design the Koenigsegg CCX though the design is highly based off of the Ford Modular engines, which provide other foreign companies with some of the best engine templates available. The engine is very compatible is various fuel types, and is able to run via gasoline and other bio-fuels, which are proving to be highly marketable, as well as the cars that can accommodate such technological advances. It is fully compliant with California emission regulations and is a street-legal motor. Koenigsegg CCX prides itself on being one of the best producers of tough, speedy cars, while also trying to adhere to environmental procedures that are growing with the high fuel prices and a stricter outlook on global warming.The Koenigsegg CCX is the world's fastest car with a V8 engine, and has consistently won awards from various institutions all over the world, not only for its design and ability to operate at high speeds, but also for the ability of the people at Koenigsegg CCX to keep reinventing their product in a way that helps other philanthropic organizations. The Koenigsegg CCX is a great supercar to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the CX, while still being a great car independent of any others. 

Development
Koenigsegg began the CCX project with the aim of entering the world market, though particularly the United States car market. Development engineer Magnus Jaasund said "We wanted to go into the world market, but we couldn’t do it with the old car." To sell cars to the North American market many alterations were made to the design of the CCR; the previously used Ford Modular engine was replaced by a Koenigsegg engine designed to run on 91 octane fuel, readily available in the United States, and to meet the Californian emission standards.Interior.The front bumper of the CCX is designed to be safer in low speed collisions than previous Koenigseggs and the whole body is 3.46 in (88 millimeters) longer to comply with the United States' rear impact regulations. Additionally the CCX can display United States or European number plates.The CCX is 1.6 in (41 mm) taller than the CCR and, combined with the carbon fiber reinforced plastic sports seats by Sparco, the CCX allows for 2 in (51 mm) of extra headroom that Autoweek reviewer Mark Vaughn hypothesizes is "to accommodate U.S. NBA stars." The electronic control unit has also received an upgrade over the CCR meaning that the CCX is without physical fuses and it is lighter than the previous system.

Engine
Previous Koenigsegg models were powered by Ford Modular V8 engines sourced from the U.S. Though also based on the Ford Modular architecture the engine of the CCX was thoroughly re-engineered by Koenigsegg themselves and is assembled at the Koenigsegg factory. The engine block for the dual overhead camshaft, 4 valve per cylinder 4.7 liter 288 cu in (4,719 cc) V8 is cast for them by Grainger & Worrall, a British company that produces drivetrain components for Formula One cars. The engine block is made of 356 Aluminium that has undergone a T7 heat treatment, a form of accelerated precipitation strengthening. The aluminium alloy is stronger than the previous engine and allows a thinner, thus lighter, engine block that will withstand higher cylinder pressures. The engine is boosted by two centrifugal superchargers that provide 17.5 psi (1.2 bar) of boost with an 8.2:1 compression ratio. The engine produces 806 bhp (601 kW; 817 PS) at 6900 rpm and 678 lb·ft (919 N·m) of torque at 5700 rpm on 91 octane (U.S. rating) gasoline.[1] The engine is lubricated with a dry sump system with a separate oil pump, the pistons are cooled by oil sprayed onto them and the oil itself has an external cooler. The CCX does 14 mpg (17 l/100 km) in combined cycle and 18 mpg (13 l/100 km) in highway travel.

Exterior
The CCX is a two-door targa top and the removable roof can be stored under the front trunk meaning that, unlike many of its competitors, it can be changed at any location, not only one where the roof can be safely left. The body, made of pre-impregnated carbon fiber and Kevlar, is 169 in (4,300 mm) long, 78.6 in (2,000 mm) wide and 44.1 in (1,120 mm) tall with a ground clearance of 3.9 in (99 mm). As with all previous Koenigsegg models, the "dihedral synchro-helix" actuation doors rotate forward and upwards similar to scissor doors though the Koenigsegg design avoids the problem of the open door obscuring the passenger's entry or exit.The CCX has a frontal area of 2,894 sq in (1.867 m2) and a drag coefficient of just 0.30. It also has a flat underside with venturi tunnels at the rear and an optional rear spoiler to improve aerodynamics. Between the 2 speedster humps (humps behind the seats) is a vortex generator used as a ram-air intake that allows higher pressure in the air box without a roof scoop that would increase the frontal area. At 124 mph (200 km/h) there is 132 lbf (60 kilograms) of downforce over the front axle and 143 lbf (65 kilograms) over the rear.

Wheels and brakes
The standard CCX wheels are Koenigsegg's magnesium alloy wheels, though the option to upgrade to carbon/magnesium wheels which each weigh 6.6 pounds (3.0 kg) less than the standard wheels is available. The front wheels have a diameter of 19 inches (480 mm) and the rear, 20 inches (510 mm). Each of the wheels is attached by center locking wheel nuts. The car comes with Michelin Pilot Sport 2 unidirectional tires with asymmetric tread. The front tires have codes of 255/35 Y19 and the rear 335/30 Y20.The front and rear cast iron disc brakes are 14.3 in (360 mm) across with 1.3 inches (33 mm) of contact at any point and have 6 piston calipers. The brakes can be upgraded to SystemST carbon ceramic brakes which weigh 4.4 pounds (2.0 kg) less per wheel, a diameter of 15 in (380 mm) with 1.3 in (33 mm) of contact and eight piston brake calipers.

Top Gear
In 2007, the CCX was the fastest car to complete a lap of the BBC Top Gear circuit, in a time of 1:17.6 on the Power Lap, until it was beaten by the Ascari A10 with a time of 1:17.3. The car originally lapped the circuit in 1:20.4, but was then fitted with a non-standard rear spoiler (Subsequently referred to in the CCX's and the Agera's option list as the 'Top Gear Wing') to provide downforce after the show's test driver (The Stig) spun the original version off the track. The Stig purportedly recommended this modification, predicting that the car would then be the fastest ever round Top Gear's track but Koenigsegg later stated that the improvement was due to adjustments to the chassis and suspension settings and not the addition of the rear spoiler.On the power lap board in the show, the "Koenigsegg" brand name in both of the CCX entries were spelled as Koenigseggisseggggnignigsegigisegggg on purpose, as the three presenters claimed they were unable to spell "Koenigsegg" correctly, which causes both of their respective magnetic strips much longer than the other entrants.

With the CCX debut slated for an upcoming debut at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show, we can only hope that Koenigsegg might get sweet revenge. Their supercar, engineered and constructed in Sweden, certainly has the hallmarks of modern design: a carbon fibre monocoque, a supercharged V8 located mid-ship and an inboard, double wishbone suspension.Each CCX is will be specially ordered, and for 2006, Koenigsegg have added a tasty list of new ingredients. Now on menu are carbon fibre wheels and carbon fibre disc brakes which can shed 11 lbs (5 kgs) per corner. Each car comes with a storable hard top and long list of equipment. A 'standard' car is delivered for $540 000 USD, while a fully laden car, like the one in our spec table comes for $610 910 USD.

Bugatti Veyron

Bugatti Veyron
Not just a super car that carries on the name of racing driver Pierre Veyron, who, while racing for the original Bugatti car manufacturer, won the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1939, Bugatti Veyron 16.4 is the second fastest car in the world and the most powerful, it can easily pass as a super hero`s car like Batman. It has the fastest acceleration speed, reaching 60 mph in 2.5 seconds.Endowed with a 8.0L W16-Cylinder, four turbochargers, and a dual-clutch DSG computer-controlled manual transmission, the Veyron can reach a top speed of 253 mph. Counting a sum of 10 radiators, for the engine cooling system, for transmission oil, a heat exchanger for the air to liquid intercoolers, for engine oil etc., the car has a power to weight ratio of 529 bhp/tonne.If we talk about performance we are dazzled by this supercars power to reach 200 and 300 km/h (124 and 186 mph) in 7.3 and respectively 16.7 seconds, wining for herself the name of the quickest-accelerating production car in history. If we count the fact that the top speed of Bugatti Veyron is 253.2 miles per hour (407.5 km/h), a speed limited electronically to prevent tire damage (it can run even faster) we can understand why this spectacular car must consume 40.4 L/100 km (4.82 mpg) when it`s running at top speed and in city driving 24.1 L/100 km.Driven by a superstar like Tom Cruise, this supercar couldn`t name itself cheap, raising the Bugatti Veyron to a price tag of $1,700,000, a price that measures up to it`s quality. Many new designs has been released since 2006, the color might have changed, but the performance and power remain the same.

    
Specifications and performance
The Veyron features an 8.0 litre, quad-turbocharged, W16 cylinder engine, equivalent to two narrow-angle V8 engines . Each cylinder has four valves for a total of sixty four, but the narrow staggered V8 configuration allows two overhead camshafts to drive two banks of cylinders so only four camshafts are needed. The engine is fed by four turbochargers and displaces 7,993 cubic centimetres (487.8 cu in), with a square 86 by 86 mm (3.4 by 3.4 in) bore and stroke.The transmission is a dual-clutch direct-shift gearbox computer-controlled automatic with seven gear ratios, with magnesium paddles behind the steering wheel and a shift time of less than 150 milliseconds, built by Ricardo of England rather than Borg-Warner, who designed the six speed DSG used in the mainstream Volkswagen Group marques. The Veyron can be driven in either semi- or fully automatic mode. A replacement transmission for the Veyron costs just over US$120,000. It also has permanent four wheel drive using the Haldex Traction system. It uses special Michelin PAX run-flat tyres, designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron's top speed, which cost US$25,000 per set. The tyres can be removed from the rims only in France, a service which costs US$70,000. Curb weight is 1,888 kilograms (4,162 lb). This gives the car a power-to-weight ratio, according to Volkswagen Group's figures, of 446.3 metric horsepower (328 kW; 440 bhp) per ton.The car's wheelbase is 2,710 mm (106.7 in). Overall length is 4,462 mm (175.7 in), width 1,998 mm (78.7 in) and height 1,204 mm (47.4 in). The Bugatti Veyron has a total of ten radiators:
    3 heat exchangers for the air-to-liquid intercoolers.
    3 engine radiators.
    1 for the air conditioning system.
    1 transmission oil radiator.
    1 differential oil radiator.
    1 engine oil radiator.
It has a drag coefficient of 0.41 (normal condition) and 0.36 (after lowering to the ground), and a frontal area of 2.07 square metres (22.3 sq ft). This gives it a drag area – the combination of drag coefficient and frontal area, represented as CdA – of 0.74 m2 (8.0 sq ft).

Top speed
German inspection officials recorded an average top speed of the original version of 408.47 km/h (253.81 mph) during test sessions on the Ehra-Lessien test track on 19 April 2005.This top speed was verified by James May on Top Gear in November 2006, again at Volkswagen Group's private Ehra-Lessien test track. May noted that at top speed the engine consumes 45,000 litres (9,900 imp gal) of air per minute (as much as a human breathes in four days). The Veyron has the highest top speed of any street legal production car. Back in the Top Gear studio, co-presenter Jeremy Clarkson commented that most super-cars felt like they were shaking apart at their top speed, and asked May if that was the case with the Veyron at 407 km/h (253 mph). May responded that no, the Veyron was very controlled, and only wobbled a tiny-bit when the air-brake deployed. May further commented “Absolutely yea, it’s totally undramatic. But I would give you a bit of a warning, It’s a bit disorientating doing that sort of speed, because after I came off the banking, I was slowing down to stop, and you know how you get a bit impatient and think ‘I’ll just open the door’, fortunately I looked back at the speedo, and I was still doing seventy.”On 4 July 2010, Bugatti's official test driver Pierre Henri Raphanel piloted the Super Sport edition and was clocked at an average of 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph) on the same track, taking back the title from the SSC Ultimate Aero TT as the fastest production vehicle of all time. The 431.072 km/h mark was reached by averaging the Super Sport's two test runs, the first reaching 427.93 km/h (265.90 mph) and the second 434.20 km/h (269.80 mph). The record run was certified by the German government and the Guinness Book of World Records.The car's everyday top speed is listed at 350 km/h (220 mph). When the car reaches 220 km/h (140 mph), hydraulics lower the car until it has a ground clearance of about 9 cm (3.5 in). At the same time, the wing and spoiler deploy. In this handling mode the wing provides 3,425 newtons (770 lbf) of downforce, holding the car to the road.[11]For top speed mode the driver must, while at rest, toggle a special top speed key to the left of the driver's seat. A checklist then establishes whether the car and its driver are ready to attempt to reach 407 km/h (253 mph). If so, the rear spoiler retracts, the front air diffusers shut, and normal 12.5 cm (4.9 in) ground clearance drops to 6.5 cm (2.6 in).

Braking
The Veyron's brakes use cross drilled, radially vented carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite discs, manufactured by SGL Carbon, which have a much greater resistance to brake fade when compared with conventional cast iron discs. The lightweight aluminium alloy monobloc brake calipers are made by AP Racing; the fronts have eight titanium pistons and the rear calipers have six pistons. Bugatti claims maximum deceleration of 1.3 g's on road tyres. As an added safety feature, in the event of brake failure, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) has also been installed on the handbrake.Prototypes have been subjected to repeated 1.0 g braking from 312 km/h (194 mph) to 80 km/h (50 mph) without fade. With the car's acceleration from 80 km/h (50 mph) to 312 km/h (194 mph), that test can be performed every 22 seconds. At speeds above 200 km/h (120 mph), the rear wing also acts as an airbrake, snapping to a 55° angle in 0.4 seconds once brakes are applied, providing an additional 0.68 g (6.66 m/s2) of deceleration (equivalent to the stopping power of an ordinary hatchback). Bugatti claims the Veyron will brake from 400 km/h (250 mph) to a standstill in less than 10 seconds, though distance covered in this time will be half of a kilometer (third of a mile)

Engine output
According to Volkswagen Group and certified by TÜV Süddeutschland, the final production Veyron engine produces 1,001 metric horsepower (736 kW; 987 bhp) of motive power, and generates 1,250 newton metres (922 ft·lbf) of torque. The nominal figure has been stated by Bugatti officials to be conservative, with the real total being 1,020 metric horsepower (750 kW; 1,006 bhp) or more.

World's Most Expensive Cars:
Bugatti Veyron Super Sports $2,400,000. This is by far the most expensive street legal car available on the market today (the base Veyron costs $1,700,000). It is the fastest accelerating car reaching 0-60 in 2.5 seconds. It is also the fastest street legal car when tested again on July 10, 2010 with the 2010 Super Sport Version reaching a top speed of 267 mph. When competing against the Bugatti Veyron, you better be prepared!

Aston Martin’s One-77

Aston Martin’s One-77
Curb Weight: 3300 lbs. (Approximate)
Weight Distribution: 51:49
Transmission: Six-speed robotized manual
Engine: 7.3-liter naturally aspirated V-12
Horsepower: 750+ hp
Torque: 553+ lb-ft.
Performance 0-60 mph: 3.5 seconds (approx.)
Top Speed: 200+mph
Front Tires: 255/35 ZR20 Pirelli P Zero Corsa
Rear: Tires: 335/30 ZR20 Pirelli P Zero Corsa
The Aston Martin 2011 continues to be made to showcase the technological developments and craftsmanship of Aston Martin. A large body with large rear bumpers, combined by having an imposing front grille flanked by two air vents produces a muscular and effective appearance. Aluminum sections are hands folded showing the interest to detail connected with Aston Martin. The Aston Martin One-77 features the signature Aston Martin C-formed taillights, which connect to create a sleek and wide rear.Having a goal of making a effective engine in the 6.-liter V-12 utilized in the DBS, DB9, and V-12 Vanquish models, Aston Martin joined with Cosworth, the legendary engine builder. The end result would be a monstrous engine with roughly 750 bhp, and 553 lb-foot. of torque weighing 10 % lighter, and displacing 7.3-liters. To safeguard the carbon fibre cam covers and inlet manifolds from exhaust warmth engineers use 24-karat gold leaf. Using dry sump lube, the engine is mounted 3.9 inches less than any road going Aston Martin sporting a V-12. Giving the main one-77 greater handling dynamics is really a front mid-mounted engine, 10 inches behind the leading wheel centerline.

The Aston Martin team lent principals and technology in the DTM race series and applied these phones the main one-77, developing a technologically advanced supercar with impressive performance. A carbon fibre tub was created with the leaders in carbon composite technology, Multimatic (MTC), to produce a rigid and light-weight structural core. To help shed pounds and make better handling dynamics The Main One-77 utilizes an inboard suspension setup much like exactly what a racecar. The very first time inside a road going vehicle, fully adjustable dampers can be found with advanced Dynamic Suspension Spool Valve technology. Aston Martin engineers will tune the suspension to tailor to the requirements of the dog owner upon delivery.A brand new six-speed robotized manual gearbox continues to be produced for the main one-77 and it is rear mid-mounted to assist gain a weight distribution of 49:51. Because of the immense energy shipped in the engine, the transmission’s internals needed to be increased. Gearshifts is going to be controlled using two column-mounted paddles placed behind the controls.Twenty-inch front and back wheels featuring Pirelli P Zero Corsa tires are standard about the One-77. Lightweight venting carbon ceramic brakes are utilized to further shed extra pounds to roughly 3300 pounds.

 BODY
TWO-SEAT, TWO-DOOR COUPE
CARBON FIBRE MONOCOQUE STRUCTURE
HAND CRAFTED ALUMINIUM BODY PANELS
SINGLE BI-XENON HEADLAMPS WITH INTEGRATED LED SIDE LIGHTS AND DIRECTION INDICATORS
CARBON FIBRE FRONT SPLITTERS
CARBON FIBRE REAR DIFFUSER WITH INTEGRATED TRANSAXLE COOLER
LED REAR LAMPS (FOG AND REVERSE)
ACTIVE AERODYNAMICS WITH DEPLOYABLE SPOILER

ENGINE
ALLOY QUAD OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT, 48-VALVE, 7312 CC V12
FRONT MID-MOUNTED ENGINE, REAR-WHEEL DRIVE
FULLY CATALYSED STAINLESS STEEL LIGHTWEIGHT SPORTS EXHAUST SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE BYPASS VALVES
TRANSMISSION
REAR MID-MOUNTED, SIX-SPEED AUTOMATED MANUAL GEARBOX WITH AUTO SHIFT MANUAL/SELECT SHIFT MANUAL (ASM/SSM) ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM
MAGNESIUM ALLOY TORQUE TUBE WITH CARBON FIBRE PROPELLER SHAFT
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
FINAL DRIVE RATIO 3.538

PERFORMANCE
COMPRESSION RATIO 10.9:1
MAX POWER 559 KW (750 BHP/760 PS)
MAX TORQUE 750 NM
ACCELERATION 0 – 100 KM/H (62 MPH) IN UNDER 3.7 SECONDS
MAXIMUM SPEED OVER 354 KM/H (220 MPH)
WHEELS & TYRES
20" FORGED ALLOY WHEELS – 7 OR 10-SPOKE – BESPOKE FINISHES
FRONT PIRELLI P ZERO CORSA 255/35 ZR20 • REAR PIRELLI P ZERO CORSA 335/30 ZR20
STEERING
RACK AND PINION, POWER-ASSISTED STEERING, 3.0 TURNS LOCK-TO-LOCK
COLUMN TILT AND REACH ADJUSTMENT
BRAKES
FRONT VENTILATED CARBON CERAMIC DISCS, 398 MM DIAMETER WITH SIX-PISTON CALIPERS
REAR VENTILATED CARBON CERAMIC DISCS, 360 MM DIAMETER WITH FOUR-PISTON CALIPERS
DYNAMIC STABILITY CONTROL (DSC) • ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)
ELECTRONIC BRAKEFORCE DISTRIBUTION (EBD)
EMERGENCY BRAKE ASSIST (EBA)
TRACTION CONTROL

SUSPENSION
FRONT INDEPENDENT DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION INCORPORATING ANTI-DIVE GEOMETRY, ANTI-ROLL BAR, PUSHROD ACTUATED COIL SPRINGS AND ADJUSTABLE BUMP AND REBOUND MONOTUBE DAMPERS, ELECTRICALLY ADJUSTABLE FOR RIDE HEIGHT AND RATE CHANGE
REAR INDEPENDENT DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION INCORPORATING ANTI-SQUAT AND ANTI-LIFT GEOMETRY, ANTI-ROLL BAR, PUSHROD ACTUATED COIL SPRINGS AND ADJUSTABLE BUMP AND REBOUND MONOTUBE DAMPERS, ELECTRICALLY ADJUSTABLE FOR RIDE HEIGHT AND RATE CHANGEINTERIOR
LEATHER-TRIMMED SPORTS STEERING WHEEL
ELECTRICALLY ADJUSTABLE LIGHTWEIGHT MEMORY SEATS
POWERFOLD EXTERIOR MEMORY MIRRORS
DUAL-STAGE DRIVER/PASSENGER FRONT AIRBAGS
AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL
TRIP COMPUTER
GLASS ECU AND SWITCHES
LED MAP-READING TOUCH SENSITIVE LIGHTS
FRONT/REAR PARKING CAMERAS (OPTION) 

DIMENSIONS
LENGTH: 4601MM
WIDTH: 2204MM INCLUDING MIRRORS; 1999.5 MM EXCLUDING MIRRORS
HEIGHT: 1222 MM (COUPE)
WHEELBASE: 2791MM
FRONT TRACK: 1706MM
REAR TRACK: 1627MM
TURNING CIRCLE (KERB TO KERB): 12.705M
FUEL TANK CAPACITY: 98 LITRES
WEIGHT: 1630KG
CO2 EMISSIONS 572G/KM – SPORTSHIFT2

Speculative pricing
Due to the lack of details from Aston Martin, many automotive publications have speculated on the final pricing of the car. While estimates vary, all expect the price to easily run in the millions.According to the website 925.nl, the One-77 will cost approximately £1,050,000. However, the Australian newspaper The Courier-Mail expects it to be priced at around AU$2.6 million. $800,000 of which is tax and import duty.According to British magazine Top Gear, the car's price will be £1,200,000, while the American magazine Robb Report expects it to be priced at US$1,700,000. In India, the car is expected to be priced at Rs 200 million or approximately $4.4 million.

Accolades
The Aston Martin One-77 has been awarded with several internationally renowned design awards including the Concorso d’Eleganza Design Award for Concept Cars and Prototypes, the GOOD DESIGN award by The Chicago Athenauem: Museum of Architecture and Design in North America and the "Best Design" award by the UK motoring magazine Auto Express. and many others.

Pagani Zonda R

Pagani Zonda R:
A $1.8 Million Farewell Party
As the finale in the Zonda line, the Pagani Zonda R brings the heat with a 739 HP 6.0-liter V12, weight chopped down to 2,360 pounds and a 0-to-60 time of three seconds.

It's been a good run, the Pagani Zonda has stoked many a supercar fantasy and plasters the walls of garages and bedrooms everywhere, but all good things must come to an end. The Zonda R is that end and the Zonda is not fading quietly into history. Everything gets turned up to eleven with this final model, 739 HP 6.0-liter V12, 0-to-60 times of three seconds, and a blistering top speed of 233 MPH.

The car also spares no expense, wearing top shelf parts made of titanium and carbon fiber, and the price shows. Only 15 Zonda R's will be available to the public for a mind-blowing $1.8 million, and they're building one extra to keep at the factory. Guess if you're going to go out, you go out big.

Pagani Zonda is never shy of a drive at the racetrack, a fact that was proven numerous times in the past with records for production vehicles at the Nurburgring Nordschleife. With the input of its avid track focused customers, the Pagani team has created the Pagani Zonda R using bespoke engineering solutions to meet the performance demands for a trackday version of the highly popular Pagani Zonda F.The central monocoque is made of a Carbon-Titanium composite, increasing rigidity while reducing significantly the weight. Bolted directly to the chassis is the Mercedes AMG 6.0 litre race derived V12 engine, with 750 hp and 710 Nm of torque. A direct throttle actuation via mechanical cable ensures immediate throttle response.The Xtrac Magnesium cased dog ring gearbox combined with tha Automac Engineering AMT system performs gearshifts in 20ms, triggered by the drivers input on the paddles behind the steering wheel. A 12-way Bosch Motorsport traction control and ABS system allows the driver to fully adjust the settings while driving the Pagani Zonda R.At the pits, each driver will be able to find a suitable setup thanks to a fully adjustable suspension and wing configuration. The effectiveness of the rear is matched by a complex new front bonnet, a masterpiece realised with the help of models by Ennegi, as well as the closed underbody and rear diffusor. Aerodynamic setups rage from a high downforce setting of 1.500kg to a 350kmh top speed setting. Aspa forged AvionAl suspension components as well as machined structural ErgAl parts holding the engine and gearbox have been designed to reduce the weight of the overall car, Poggipolini Titanium screws are used on the whole car. These measures lead to a dry weight of 1.070 kg.The interior has been designed to offer a perfect environment for the driver. The controls are limited to the indispensable, but the quality finish reflects the usual demanding Pagani standards. The bespoke Toora seats are FIA homologated and comply to latest HANS standards, five-point safety belts and a CrMo roll-cage assure the occupants' safety.The lucky owners of the Pagani Zonda R will experience a level of performance on the track, that is simply not possible on the road. A power-to-weight ratio of 701 hp-per-ton will catapult them from 0 to 60 mph in less than 2,7 seconds, the Brembo carbon ceramic brakes ensure the car comes to a standstill even quicker.The Pagani Zonda R is built in a limited production run and sold at a price of 1.460.000 Euro plus taxes, a performance machine, a track toy, a collectors item, a masterpiece signed by Horacio Pagani.

Technical Data 

    Engine::
        Type: Mercedes-Benz AMG - M120 - 12 cylinder V 60°, 48 valves; displacement 5987 ccm, dry sump
        Max. Power: 750 hp (551 kW) @ 7.500 rpm
        Max. Torque: 710Nm @ 5.700 rpm
        Stroke: 80,20 mm
        Bore: 89,00 mm
    Traction control:: 12 Stage - Bosch Motorsport traction control system
    Intake:: Single throttle bodies, mechanically operated
    Exhaust system:: Hydroformed Inconel, ceramic coated
    Transmission:: Longitudinal mid engine; rear wheel drive with self-locking differential
    Gearbox:: XTRAC 672 bespoke magnesium casing gearbox, 6 speed sequential dog gearchange with Automac Engineering AMT system
    Carbon-ceramic brakes:: 4 ventilated Brembo disks, hydraulic power brake 12 Stage - Bosch Motorsport Race ABS
    Discs
        Front:: 380x34 mm 6 piston caliper
        Rear:: 380x34 mm 4 piston caliper
    Wheels:: Forged alloy APP wheels; 19" front, 20" rear
    Tyres:: Pirelli P Zero Zonda R: ant. 255/35/19; post. 335/30/20
    Suspensions:: 4 independent wheels with double A-arm; Forged Avional suspension arms; pull rod helical springs and Öhlins adjustable shock absorbers
    Structure: Central carbon-Titanium chassis, Engine is a stressed member; front and rear Cr Mo space frames; bodywork carbon fiber MD System
    Dimensions
        Length:: 4886 mm
        Width:: 2014 mm
        Height:: 1141 mm
        Wheelbase:: 2785 mm
        Dry weight:: 1070 kg
    Safety:: Roll cage in Cr Mo steel; carbon fibre seats HANS compatible; five point harness
    0-100 km/h: 2,7 sec
    Top speed:: > 350 km/h
    Weight-to-Power ratio:: 1,43 kg/hp

 Chassis

The central carbon chassis incorporates a roll cage and a rubber racing fuel cell with 4 fuel pumps and quick refuel filler cap, similar to GT race cars. The wheelbase has been increased by 47 mm (1.9 in) to increase stability. The front and rear subframes are brand-new, built to accommodate new suspension geometry, and produced in Avional. The slick-shod wheels are new forged-magnesium center-lock models, which in conjunction with on-board pneumatic airjacks (again, like the FXX) allow rapid change of the entire wheel assemblies.The car senses, displays and logs information about the amount of downforce that is generated at each wheel at all times. It is thought that this system will enable owners to adjust set-up according to track conditions and to improve their cornering technique.

 Bodywork

In addition to the wheelbase increase (47 mm), overall length has increased by 394 mm (15.5 in) and track by 50 mm (2.0 in). The bodywork and aerodynamics have been altered to offer maximum downforce, featuring a longer front bonnet with flaps, a closed underbody and a new rear overhang with adjustable rear wing and race-derived diffuser. These are intended to translate into increased aerodynamic efficiency and downforce for maximum cornering speed. It is also noted that the car's new rear bodywork is minimal in the extreme, being composed mostly of vent. This is thought to be symptomatic of the need to keep the engine cool enough, even under hard track use. Again, this is similar to the gutted bodywork of the Ferrari FXX Evoluzione.

Engine
Zonda R engine (Mercedes-Benz M120 AMG)
Output has increased to 750 PS (552 kW; 740 hp) at 8500 rpm and 710 N·m (524 lb·ft) of torque. A lightweight carbon fibre high performance intake system, racing multiple disc centered clutch and Formula One-style exhaust system, hydroformed in Inconel 625 and ceramic coated for optimal heat dissipation, have been added. The AMG-built engine is mated to a 6-speed longitudinally-mounted manual sequential synchronized gearbox.

Interior

The car's interior is spartan reflecting the car's racetrack aspirations and intended home, and features bespoke seats, customized to the driver to offer maximum support. As before, the Digitek instrumentation provides essential information and the sophisticated telemetry allows a variety of sensors to monitor numerous aspects of the car.

Pagani Zonda F

Pagani Zonda F specs
Top Speed: 214 mph / 345 kph
0-60 mph: 3.6 seconds
Engine: AMG 4 valve V-12 7.3 liter

Unveiled at the 2005 Geneva Auto Show, The Zonda F is one of the fastest supercars ever made. Built using Pagani's extensive experience in carbon fibre construction, the Zonda is leader with regard to fit and finish. With this car, Pagani Automobili is among a small group of independent supercar manufacturers that challenge more established competition such as Porsche, Ferrari and Lamborghini.During the outset of the Zonda project, Juan Manuel Fangio consulted and influenced Horacio Pagani on every aspect of the Zonda. Horacio says Fangio had great 'technical sensibility' and was a major source of inspiration for his car. Thus, it should come to no surprise that Pagani's latest work pays tribute to the late Fangio, a world champion five times over.Zonda F is a special edition car that will be built alongside the regular production model. It takes the modifications adapted to the C12-S Monza and refines them into a more appealing package. As a result the Zonda F is lighter, more powerful and faster than its predecessor.Aerodynamics play large role in shaping Zonda's new car. More traditional devices include a one-piece fixed wing which now gets undisturbed air thanks to relocated mirrors. To help airflow underneath, a larger front splitter and rear diffuser with twin stabilizing wings create even more downforce. At the front of the Zonda F is a much larger air intake to increase cooling effectiveness of the more potent V12 engine.

 To give the Zonda F more power, a new induction system is used which replaces the standard Mercedes-Benz unit. It features larger intake apertures and, when combined with a larger, hydroformed exhaust, the 7.3 liter Mercedes-Benz engine reaches 620 bhp. This is up from 550 achieved with the standard Mercedes intake. A clubsport model is available as an option which increases power to 650 bhp @ 6200 rpm.The chassis receives several upgrades which lighten both the overall and unsprung weight of the Zonda. Newly designed 19 and 20 inch wheels make room for much larger brakes which can now be ordered in a ceramic compound for the first time. Combined with the titanium wheel nuts, and various trimmings of the carbon fiber tub, the Zonda F weighs 1230 kgs without liquids.After all these changes it should come to no surprise that Pagani has made a much superior Zonda. With 650 bhp on tap, the clubsport model should easily rival cars including the Porsche Carrera GT and Ferrari Enzo.

Specifications
Engine  ::   Mercedes-Benz AMG 12 cylinder V 60°; 48 valves; displacement 7291 cc
Max. Power     (kW) hp/rpm: (443) 602/6150
Max. Torque     Nm/rpm 760/4000
Weight-to-Power ratio     2,04 kg/hp
Clubsport-version ::    (kW) hp/rpm (478) 650/6200; Nm/rpm: 780/4000; weight-to-Power ratio: 1,89 kg/hp
Intake manifold ::    Aluminium hydroformed alloy/avional MHG-System; exhaust manifold in hydroformed steel/inconel
Transmission   ::  Longitudinal mid engine; rear wheel drive with self-locking differential
Clutch  ::   Twin plate clutch
Gearbox  ::  Mechanical 6 speed (+ reverse)
Brakes   ::  4 ventilated Brembo disks, hydraulic power brake
Steel brakes   ::  Front 380x34 mm 6 piston caliper; rear 355x32 mm 4 piston caliper
Carbon-ceramic brakes ::    Front 380x34 mm 6 piston caliper; rear 380x34 mm 4 piston caliper
Steering ::    TRW rack and pinion power assisted
Wheels  ::   Forged aluminium/magnesium alloy APP wheels; 19” front, 20” rear
Tyres  ::   Michelin Pilot Sport 2: front 255/35/19; rear 335/30/20
Suspensions  ::   4 independent wheels with double A-arm; pull rod helical springs and Öhlins adjustable shock absorbers; anti-roll bar; aluminium/magnesium alloy suspension arms
Structure   ::  Central carbon fiber chassis; front and rear Cr Mo space frames; carbon fiber “MD System” bodywork panels
Dimensions  ::   Length 4435 mm; width 2055 mm; height 1141 mm; wheelbase 2730 mm; dry weight 1230 kg (without Comfort Pack and with CCM brakes)
Weight distribution     46% front; 54% rear
Downforce   ::  ~600 kg at 300km/h (Clubsport version); downforce distribution: ~270 kg front; ~330 kg rear
Vehicle-Diagnosis*  ::   TMD remote diagnosis; Texa Mobile Diagnostic
Safety     ABS/Traction Control Bosch; central carbon fibre safety; cell with steel and carbon fibre roll bar; front and rear impact energy absorbing structure in carbon fibre and Cr Mo
Performance     Acceleration 0-100 km/h 3,6 sec.; 0-200 km/h 9,8 sec.; Lateral g’s: 1,4 g with SPORT setting; Braking 200-0 km/h: 4,4 sec.; Top speed: > 345km/h

 History

With its production, Pagani Automobili has challenged the bigger car manufacturers like Lamborghini, Porsche and Ferrari. Horacio Pagani's inspiration for the car was derived from F1 world champion Juan Miguel Fangio's technical sensibilities that influenced the major aspects of the Zonda. Its production continues until today, with roughly 25 units manufactured each year. It is considered to be the super car that has received the most extensive engineering that Pagani has ever done. The Zonda F has also been tapped to have a powerful Clubsport model.

Built along side its regular production model, the Zonda F is a special edition super car which had several modifications adapted from the C12-S Monza and was refined to produce a more appealing super car package. The changes resulted into a more lightweight, faster and more powerful car, making the Zonda F one model that supersedes its predecessors.

 Exterior

Aerodynamics has helped the Zonda gain its new shape. The car moves effortlessly through the air and some of its power keeps the car down into the tarmac thus producing a stronger ground effect. Traditional features such as the one-piece wing now receives undisturbed air courtesy of its relocated mirrors. The airflow underneath is relieved by the rear diffuser and the large front splitter that create more down force.

Performance

The Pagani Zonda F has more air intake in front, making its cooling system very effective. Thus, its V12 engine enjoys a much cooler state due to the car's design. This Mercedes Benz engine holds a capacity of 7.3 liters and reaches 620 bhp and emits a 561 pound foot torque at 4000 rpm. The chassis of the Zonda F is upgraded to make it lighter compared to other super cars. The large ceramic brakes get more room as the new wheels measure only 19 and 20 inches. Overall, its weight is at 1,230 kilograms together with its titanium nuts and carbon fiber tub trimmings.

With all these improvements, Pagani has definitely produced a powerful Zonda. It is a reactive and very safe car without any rolls to speak of. The Nardi steering wheel gives a direct contact feel to the road. It has minimum electronics and the comfort is astonishing for a super car that reaches a speed of over 200 miles per hour. Pagani promised quality and performance in the Zonda F and delivers such without any compromise. With his constant quality check of the Zonda F's individual pieces, the manual for each of the super cars is presented in a very detailed and faithful manner, like that of an artist's portrait.

Jaguar C-X75 hybrid supercar

Jaguar will launch its C-X75 concept vehicle as an exclusive hybrid supercar.The C-X75 - which boasts top speeds in excess of 200mph - is expected to deliver ultra-low CO2 emissions of less than 99g/km.Jaguar C-X75 is a hybrid supercar"We were always determined that the C-X75 would be as striking on the road as it was in concept form," said Jaguar exec Ian Callum. 

"This will be the finest looking and most innovative Jaguar ever produced. Even in the world of supercars, we can still produce the most beautiful."According to Callum, the Jaguar C-X75 is slated to be developed in association with Williams F1, who will provide their engineering expertise in various areas, such as aerodynamics, carbon composite manufacture and hybrid technologies.To be sure, the supercar's chassis is made of carbon-fibre, effectively creating an incredibly lightweight, yet rigidly strong structure. In addition, the C-X75 is powered a small-capacity, highly-boosted internal combustion engine with one electric motor at each axle."The engine's compact size allows it to be mounted low in the car for optimum weight distribution and to retain the concept's stunning silhouette," explained Jaguar engineer Bob Joyce. "This will make the Jaguar C-X75 a bona fide hybrid supercar capable of silent electric running with an extensive EV range in excess of 50km."When C-X75's motors and combustion engine combine, it will be one of the fastest production cars in the world, with a sub-three second 0-60mph time and a top speed in excess of 200mph.Production, however, is expected to be limited, with Jaguar building only 250 of the C-X75 supercars. Each will be priced between £700,000 ($1,149,190) - £900,000 ($1,477,530) depending on market and local taxes.

Engine and performance
In terms of performance, Jaguar envisions future super cars reaching 330 km/h (205 mph) and accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 3.4 seconds and 80 to 145 km/h (50 to 90 mph) in 2.3 seconds. It is powered by four 145 kW (194 hp) electric motors – one for each wheel - which produce 780 hp (582 kW) and a total torque output of 1,600 N·m (1,180 ft·lbf). Inherent in the drivetrain is the ability to independently vector torque to each wheel across the full speed range. Each motor weighs 50 kilograms (110 lb).The micro gas turbines from Bladon Jets generate enough electricity to extend the range of the car to 900 km (559 mi) while producing 28 grams of CO2 per kilometre on the EU test cycle. While running solely on battery power, the C-X75 has an all-electric range of 110 km (68 mi). Among other advantages, the micro turbines used in the C-X75 can be run on a range of fuels including diesel, biofuels, compressed natural gas and liquid petroleum gas. The 15kWh lithium ion battery pack weighs 185 kilograms (410 lb). Jaguar estimates an average carbon emission of 28 g/km on European test cycle, however, the carbon emission is around 150g/km if the turbines are running.Jaguar also focused on the aerodynamics in order to improve performance. For example, the carbon-fibre rear diffuser, an element in guiding airflow under the car and creating downforce, includes an active aerofoil and is lowered automatically as speed increases. Moreover, the C-X75 features an extruded and bonded, aerospace-inspired, aluminium chassis, saving on weight and improving sustainability and performance

Production
In May 2011 Jaguar unveiled plans to build a GB£700,000 (US$1.15 million) petrol-electric plug-in hybrid supercar in the UK. The carmaker will build a maximum of 250 cars in partnership with Formula One team Williams F1. The move is part of a GB£5 billion investment plan, announced by Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) in March 2011 at the Geneva Motor Show, to launch 40 "significant new products" over the next five years. The model will be built from 2013 until 2015, although it has not yet been decided where production will take place.The C-X75 will be built without the diesel-powered micro-turbines, instead, the road version will use a downsized highly-boosted petrol engine with one electric motor at each axle. In order to create a lightweight strong structure, the chassis will be made of carbon-fibre, and the engine will be mounted low for optimum weight distribution and to retain the concept’s silhouette. The C-X75 production version is expected to deliver CO2 emissions of less than 99 g/km, a sub-three second 0-60 mph time, a top speed in excess of 200 miles per hour (320 km/h), and a reduced all-electric range of 50 km (31 mi) as compared to the 110 km (68 mi) for the concept car.

Jaguar C-X75 supercar: production confirmed
The news means the gorgeous Paris 2010 concept car has made the leap from show to showroom – and Jag vows much of the clever tech will appear on the production car.Top speed is claimed at more than 200mph while 0-60mph takes 'less than three seconds'. It'll sprint to 100mph in less than six, making this hybrid supercar comfortably the fastest Jaguar of all time, even eclipsing the XJ220.

So the Jaguar C-X75 is as fast as a Bugatti Veyron?
Pretty much, if you believe the claims. Yet since it employs hybrid tech, CO2 output will be 'significantly' under 99g/km.Williams F1 is teaming up with Jaguar on the hybrid tech, which mates a 'state-of-the-art, small-capacity, highly boosted internal combustion engine' with an electric motor on each axle and lithium-ion battery technology from Williams. The Jaguar C-X75 will be four-wheel drive, and able to drive using just the combustion engine, in EV mode (with a range 'in excess of 30 miles' thanks to a plug-in facility) or use a combination of the two to record its stellar performance claims. Expect three different drive modes: EV, Normal and Track.CAR understands the engine will be a 1.6-litre four-cylinder, pointing to a unit being readied for the proposed F1 downsizing regs in 2013. CAR understands that it will be both turbocharged and supercharged, while its compact size allows it to be mounted low in the car for optimum weight distribution and to retain the concept’s stunning silhouette. The full technical specification will be announced later in 2011.The micro-turbines that featured in the C-X75 concept won't appear in the road car at first, but parent company Tata has a taken a signigicant stake in Bladon Jets (the British firm behind the technology), and will 'develop this very advanced technology as a medium-term aspiration that will play a part in Jaguars of the future'.

As quick as a Veyron, as clean as a Prius? Sounds pie-in-the-sky...
Let's hope that the C-X75 isn't struck by the same optimistic claims that wrought such trouble during the Veyron's gestation – or the Jaguar XJ220’s. The last Jag supercar was meant to have scissor doors, a screaming V12 and four-wheel drive, none of which made it to production.But Jag points to its all-carbon chassis, a kerbweight rumoured to be around 1450kg and plenty of aerodynamic, carbonfibre and hybrid expertise at Williams F1, which should see the supercar use the latest tech. Jaguar claims that production of the C-X75 will create more than one hundred highly-skilled jobs in the UK.'The C-X75 received an incredible reception as a concept car,' said Adrian Hallmark, Jaguar's brand director. 'We've been building on that momentum and there's a clear business case for this exclusive halo model. No other vehicle will better signify Jaguar's renewed confidence and excellence in technological innovation than this. People expect Jaguar to be innovators – that is when Jaguar is at its best'.

Jaguar C-X75: the looks
Expect the the C-X75 concept car's stunning good looks to be translated almost undiluted into production as well. 'We were always determined that the Jaguar C-X75 would be as striking on the road as it was in concept form,' said Ian Callum, Jaguar design director. 'This will be the finest looking and most innovative Jaguar ever produced. Even in the world of supercars, we can still produce the most beautiful.'Just 250 Jaguar C-X75s will be built, with 200 destined to be road cars and 50 designated as racers, but the C-X75 name is expected to be dropped for production. The order books open today, deliveries start in 2013 (just as plug-in hybrid tech arrives on other Jaguar road cars), and this amazing car is priced at £700k + local taxes. That's £840,000 if you're a potential UK customer.

The C-X75 hints at an exciting evolution of Jaguar's design language while paying homage to some of its most admired cars of years gone by. Advanced design features such as a ground-breaking propulsion system and active aerodynamics allow for an elegantly simple fuselage section that remains stable at very high speeds.